Which is the leading cause of under-5 mortality globally?

The leading cause of under-5 mortality globally is diarrhea, primarily due to the high prevalence of diarrheal diseases in low-resource settings. Diarrhea can lead to severe dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, which are particularly dangerous for young children whose bodies are less capable of compensating for fluid loss. Particularly in developing countries, poor access to clean water, sanitation, and adequate medical care significantly contributes to the high mortality rates associated with diarrhea.

Additionally, diarrhea often coincides with undernutrition, which can further exacerbate the severity of the illness and lead to increased mortality. The management of diarrheal diseases, including the promotion of hydration and usage of oral rehydration solutions, is critical in reducing mortality rates among young children, making targeted interventions and public health strategies essential in combating this issue.

While injuries, malaria, and pneumonia are also significant health concerns for children under five, diarrhea remains at the forefront due to its direct links to overall health infrastructure and maternal and child health practices in many regions of the world.